Baker&#39;s and like oven



. l. D. WARRINGTON BAKERS AND LIKE OVEN July 22, 1952 6 Sheets-Shea?. l

Filed May 51, 1949 w@ a m @..N

James /v/NE power Wamel/verm /lwE/vrorz 14 TToR/YE Y.

6 Sheets-Sheet 2 J. l. D. WARRINGTON BAKERS AND LIKE OVEN July 22, 1952 Filed May 31, 1949 July 22, 1952 J. l. D. WARRINGTON BAKERS AND LIKE OVEN 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed May 3l, 1949 JAMES IRM/NE` puo/T WnKR//vero/Y.

/NVE/vrok BY Affare/yf y,

J. l. D. WARRINGTON July 22, 1952 BAKERS AND LIKE OVEN 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed May 31, 1949 fk 21 z JAMES IRVINE' DuDLE T WAKE mGToH. /NvENTo/z ATTO/'WYE Y.

July 22, 1952 J. l. D. WARRINGTON BAKERS AND LIKE OVEN 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed May 31, 1949 JAMES mw/E DUDLEY VWKRINGTUN.

By l v ATTORNEY- July 22, 1952 J. l. D. WARRINGTON BAxER's AND LIKE: OVEN Filed May '31, 1949 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 @y d* de JAMES mwN/5 oupLgY wARKl/v'ra/y llww Q TTORNE Y,

Patented July 22, 1952 James IrvineVv Dudley Warrington, Peterborough,

England, assignor to Baker Perkins Incorporated, Saginaw, Mich.

Application May 31, 1949, Serial N o. 96,294 In Great Britain June 11, 1948 Claims. l

The object of theA present invention is to pro,v

vide variations in the kind of baking conditions to which the goods may be subjected according to their nature and to enable suitable conditions to be imposed in various parts of the oven and such that where travelling ovens are concerned the goods may be successively passed through zones in which appropriate baking conditions exist to produce the desired result, an aim of the invention being to provide alternatives such that the goods may be subjected to radiant heat treatment as at present known or baking mainly under the imluence of free flow of circulating or turbulent gases in contact with the goods, or if desired'a combination of radiation and circulation in variable proportions.

The invention consists in an oven of the char' acter indicatedl wherein the radiator conduits (or certain of them) are provided with a series of nozzles or vents for admitting gases from the conduits into the ovenchamber and wherein means are provided for diverting some or all of the radiator conduit gases from their normal closed path of circulation to cause such to enter 'the oven through the nozzles or vents and for drawing exhausting oven atmosphere gases from the oven chamber back into the circulating system to accord with the gases entering through the nozzles or vents.

The invention further consists in an oven having the features indicated in the preceding paragraph comprising a suction box to which the radiator conduits are connected having an exhaust opening to the oven chamber and valve or damper means for said opening, and for controlling gases passing from the radiator conduits to said suction box, whereby variable quantities of oven atmosphere and gases may be withdrawn and the pressure in the radiator conduits can be controlled for varying the quantity of gases injected through said nozzles.

The valve -or damper means referred to above may be conveniently arranged so that as the suction box exhaust is opened to the oven chamber,

the connection to the conduits is automatically closed.

A further aim of the invention is to provide in an oven of the character indicated, means for injecting hot gases into an oven of .the character indicated in a manner controllable both as to direction and/or quantity.

The invention further Vconsists of an oven of the character indicated or as above dened having radiator conduits provided with nozzle devices positioned transversely of the oven and rotatable about their transverse axis for varying the direction of the gases injected through the nozzles, In the preferred form the rotatable nozzles have a coaxial sleeve valve whereby the quantity of gases passing through thenozzles may be locally controlled.

In the accompanying drawings- Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a portion of a swinging tray oven,

Figure 2 is a sectional plan on the line 2 2 of Figure 1,

Figure 3 is an outside plan,

Figure 4 is a cross section on line 4 4 ofA Figure 2I Figure 5 is a view of the damper control hand wheels, Y

Figure is a cross section of a nozzle,

Figure 7 is a plan view of a part of a nozzle,

Figure 8 is a diagram showing the position of dampers for the bottom radiator and exhaust header as arranged vfor direct circulation,

Figure 9 is a similar diagram with the dampers arranged for radiant heat, and

Figure 10 is a similar diagram with the dampers arranged for combined radiant heat and direct circulation,

Figures 11 and 12 are cross section and an elevation partly in section of a modified form of nozzle control.

In carrying the invention into eiect according to one mode as described by way of example, a plurality or series of vcyclotherm units of which one is shown in the drawings are arranged longitudinally in an oven I, for example a travelling oven, the oven band or conveyor 2 of which runs between radiator conduits 3 and 4 which provide top and bottom heat'. In each unit or section these conduits 3 and dfextend between a pressure or delivery box A5 and a suction box or chamber 6,

- a gas or oil fuel burner orheater 'l being provided to supply products of combustion through a conduit 8 to a fan 9 discharging into the pressure box 5, while the suction box 6 Vis connected toa fan l0 which draws the products of combustion from the conduits 3 and d and returns them to the burner or heater 1 by the conduit I I. A vent I2 to atmosphere is provided, preferably in the conduit I I between the burner 1 and the suction I fan I0, for passing out of the circuit a proportion heater 1..

The radiator conduits 3 andli may be of elongated rectangular form in cross-section and lie horizontally between headers I3, I4 and I5,v

Cil

I6 which extend transversely of theloven and enter the delivery box 5 andsuction box 6, re-

spectively, the said'boxeslbeingl preferably 1o- A cated towards one side of the oven.l The connection between the headers I',Y I and I5, I6

and their respective boxes 5 and 6 are controlled by dampers I3a, Illa, |5a and Ilial so as to regulate the circulation through the radiator conduits. I

The` suction box 5 is in addition. provided with l exhaust header meansV or transversely extending branches l1 and I8A which open. directly to the oven chamber |9,.preferably through anelongated slot or n routh. One of such headersor branches I1 is `provided in or about the horizontal plane of the top heatradiator conduit `3 and the other I3 isprovided about the plane of l thebottom heat radiator conduit E. The connection of. eachof these headers I1 and vI8 with the suction box G isfprovided withlan exhaust damper |1a and Itt which is ofsuch length thaty in opening toplace the exhaust header orbranch i1 or I8 Vin communicatlonwith the suction box 6, it extends over and correspondingly closes the i are preferably operatively connected by rodsfZI,

22 to the-corresponding suctionbox dampersrla, I Ea so that they operate in unison.

The lower surface 23.,.ofthe top heatradiator conduit 3 and the opposed upper surface` 24 of the bottom heat radiatorv conduit 4, are each prothe bearing-housing elements |28. is provided witharcuate openings |29 which conand coupled to an end cylindrical nozzle device I 25 for partially rotating such about its axis to direct the injected air forwardly, that is to say in the direction in which the goods are travelling on the oven band 2, or rearwardly, or lin any intermediate position. The rotation also effects yalvularcontro1..by ah. appr.opriate Vmovement relativelytotlie bearing21.

In order to control theV amount of. air discharged from the radiators the nozzles |25, Figures 11 and 12, may be formed in a single rod '|26 extending across the oven and be mounted for lrotation in a sleeve |21 which is seated in This sleeve trol the rearend of the nozzleopenings |25;

r-ar-cuateopenings |30 are also provided to allow a free passage for the gases issuing from the nozzle. This sleeve has openings |29 that form valves for the nozzles .and is provided with a hand wheel I3| exteriorto the oven whereby the sleeve. may be rotated relativejtothe vnozzle rod |26 to open and closethe rear entryofftheir nozzles |25'.

. liy means of the' sleeve valve |21 the'amount of gases owing through the lnozzles may be controlled forvarying inclination of the nozzles, as distinguished from vthe embodimenttillustrated in Figs. 6. and '1. r

In operation'of the oven, foi''aflor einen heat alone the nozzle devices 2 5 arejclosedfdown Y and the radiatorA conduit.. headers 3 'andf'have their.' dampersf I 3a, 14er, 15a, 1 @a en. tot the re# quired. degree tov allow products or combustion to pass from the pressureV or`jdeli'verybox. 5, through theradiatorconduits: into the suction b'ox Gand return to the .burnerst'l ina so-called closed cirf cuit, see Figure 9. Underth'ese' conditions 'the exhaust headers I1, I8 which communicate. with the oven chamberIS, have their darnpersv 11a, I 8.a

`closedso that none'. of the ovenv atmosphere will be drawn into thesuctionbox B.' Whenit is desired to carry out a baking operationin a circulating atmosphere` all or a selected number ofV the,Av nozzle devices 25 are ad'f justed so that they inject productsA o ffc'ombusf tion ina selected directionor. directionsand'their boresy 28 are adjusted tofpass. thepproducts ci vided with transverse nozzledevices .25 spaced apart longitudinally., These nozzle devices 25 communicate vwith their respectiveradiator conduits 3 or 4 so that a proportionfof theproducts of combustion circulating throughthe radiator conduitsv may under certain conditions beblown into the oven chamber I9. Each .nozzle device., see Figures 6 andf'LcOmprisesa cylindrical niemaxis transverse to the oven chamber) in bearinghousing members 21. secured onthefradiator con-` ber I9. The nozzle bars 2f6are mounted'for. rotation in end bossesff' o thebearingmembers 21, collars'lpreventing endwise movement. The ends of adjacent nozzle bars 2,6 .are secured to.- gatherY byY av muli4 coupling v3,5.

. Means 29fare-fprovided`. exterio'rly Vor the.:` oven ber or bar 'l-mountedfor rotation (about an combustion through y.at the required frate.

The exhaust dampers Ifld', I Bdfare' opened fully or yas required and the conduitheader dampers I a, Ida, |5a., IScL are'correspondingly closed, see l1;"igure8, which mayl beeij'lfectedjas already indicated. automatically Ywith the yopening of the exhaust dampers |1 a, Ia. According to this arrangement the circulation :through the conlduits 3 and d isthrottled andthe whole (or a proportion) ofthe gases passing will. be. diverted through the nozzles 25 and as a consequence a circulating or turbulent atmosphere will be createdv within theovenfclriamber |9-.5 The exhaust 'dampers |160, 28a' being openthe oven atmosphere will bc drawn upon and gases will be extracted from the oven atmosphere at'the suction box` 6 andr carried into' recirculation. This operation may be carried'. out jin respect torboth .the topand bottomheat conduits Sands orto one or theother so; that products,- o ffcombustion are blown into the oven from the-top for -bottorn radiator conduit nozzles125 as selected .While the other is functioning forradiantheat.;

According to a further alternative the-damper adjustments may be made .andY the nozzles; adjustedV so that both theqtopzand bottomY heat radiator. conduits 3 and.. 4 supply .a .combination of radiant heat and injected products of combustion, see Figure 10.

It will be seen that the various sections of the oven can thus be provided with the quantity and quality of heat desired for the particular baking conditions required in the various zones. either by utilising radiant heating alone, injection heat-v ing alone or by a combination of injection and radiation; further. that in each section the injection of products of combustion can be flexibly regulated by adjusting the valve controls for the nozzles and/or the direction thereof.

Instead of the swinging tray conveyor 2 shown, a steel band or other known type of travelling oven conveyor may be employed.

Similar oven atmosphere and heating control vmay be employed in the lower baking chamber 30 or chamber for the return lap of the oven conveyor.

I claim:

1. In an oven chamber having top and botto radiator conduits each connecting a pressure box with a suction box and circulating means for supplying and regulating flow of hot combustion products through said conduits and boxes; spaced nozzle devices provided on opposed faces of said conduits for discharging such products into the oven chamber; each nozzle device comprising a fixed bearing-housing, a chamber in said bearing-housing in communication with said radiator conduit; a bar mounted in said bearing-housing .and rotatably adjustable about its axis; said bar having passageways therethrough for varying valvular distribution and directional controlo! flow of said combustion products into and throughout said oven chamber.

2. In an oven chamber having top and bottom radiator conduits each connecting a pressure box with a suction box, circulating means for supplying and regulating flow of hot combustion v products through said conduits and boxes; nozzle devices disposed transversely of the oven chamber and spaced apart on opposed faces of said conduits for discharging the said products into the oven chamber; each nozzle device comprising a fixed bearing-housing formed with a chamber in communication with said radiator conduit; a bar rotationally adjustable about its axis, mounted in said bearing-housing and having transverse passageways therethrough for valvular distribution and directional control of the flow of combustion products into and throughout said oven chamber.

.3. In an oven chamber having top and bottom radiator conduits each connecting a pressure box with a suction box and having circulating means for supplying and regulating ilow of hot combustion products through said conduits and boxes; spaced nozzle devices provided on opposed faces of said conduits for discharging said products into the oven chamber; each nozzle device comprising a fixed bearing-housing, a chamber in said bearing-housing that communicates with plying and regulating flow of hot combustionproducts through said conduits and boxes; transverse nozzle devices spaced apart longitudinally on opposite faces of said conduits for discharging such products into the oven chamber; each nozzle device comprising a flxed bearing-housing;

a chamber in said bearing-housing that communicates with said radiator conduit; a sleeve rotatable in said bearing-housing; diametrically opposed arcuate valve openings in said sleeve; a bar mounted for adjustable rotation in said sleeve; and means for adjustably rotating the bar and sleeve relatively to each other; said bar having passageways therethrough that provide directional control and valvular distribution of the flow of combustion products into and throughout said oven chamber.

5. In an oven chamber having top and bottom radiator conduits each connecting a pressure box with a suction box, circulating means for supplying and regulating flow of hot combustion products through said conduits and boxes; spaced nozzle devices provided on opposed faces of said conduits for discharging such products into the oven chamber; each nozzle device comprising a xed bearing-housing, a chamber in said bearing-housing that communicates with said radiator conduit; a bar mounted in said bearing-hous-,-v ing and rotationally adjustable about its axis,

justment means for regulating said exhaust` damper.

JAMES IRVINE DUDLEY WARRINGTON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Byron May 28, 1935 Number 

